1. Iyini imitha yezinga le-radar? Yiziphi izici zayo?
Imitha yezinga le-radar uhlobo lwethuluzi elikhipha ama-microwave nge-antenna liye ezingeni eliphakathi elilinganisiwe, bese libala izinga loketshezi ngaphakathi kwesitsha ngokusekelwe esikhathini esithathayo ukuze ama-microwave akhishwe futhi abuyiselwe emuva.
Izici:
① Akukho ukufuduka, akukho izingxenye zokudlulisa, ukulinganisa okungathintani, okungavinjelwanga izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, umusi, ama-aerosol noma uthuli. Kufanelekela ukulinganisa okuphakathi okuqinile, okuphakathi okunobuthi noma okungenabo ubuthi, kanye nokuphakathi okubolayo.
②Imitha yezinga le-radar ayinayo indawo yokubuka engabonakali futhi ukunemba kwayo (isixazululo) kungaba phezulu kakhulu. Iphutha lokulinganisa lezinga loketshezi lingaba phezulu njenge-1mm (ngamamodeli akhethekile afinyelela ku-0.1mm). Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokulinganisa lezentengiselwano.
2. Iyini isimiso sokulinganisa imitha yezinga le-radar?
Imitha yezinga le-radar isebenzisa i-oscillator enemvamisa ephezulu njengejenereyitha ye-microwave. I-microwave ekhiqizwa yijenereyitha iholwa ku-antenna yemisebe nge-waveguide bese ikhishwa iye phansi. Lapho i-microwave ihlangana nesithiyo, njengobuso boketshezi, okunye kwayo kuyamuncwa kanti okunye kuyabukiswa emuva. Izinga loketshezi lilinganiswa ngokulinganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamapharamitha athile wegagasi elidlulisiwe kanye negagasi elibonakalisiwe elivela ezingeni loketshezi.
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamamitha e-radar level. Uhlobo olulodwa lunemvamisa yokukhishwa okuhleliwe futhi lulinganisa isikhathi sokuhamba kwegagasi elikhishwayo kanye negagasi eliboniswayo. Bese, ngeprosesa yesignali ehlakaniphile, ibala ukuphakama kweleveli yoketshezi elinganisiwe. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesikhathi sokusebenza salolu hlobo lwegawuji yezinga le-radar kanye nebanga elivela ezingeni loketshezi yilokhu: t = 2d/c.
c - Isivinini sokusabalala kwamagagasi kagesi, c = 300000 km/s;
d - Ibanga eliphakathi kwezinga eliphakathi elilinganisiwe kanye ne-probe, ngamamitha;
t - Isikhathi kusukela lapho i-probe ikhipha amaza kagesi kuze kube yilapho ithola amaza kagesi abonakalayo, S.
Olunye uhlobo lulinganisa umehluko wemvamisa phakathi kwegagasi elikhishwayo kanye negagasi eliboniswayo, bese luguqula lo mehluko wemvamisa ube isignali kagesi elingana nezinga loketshezi elilinganisiwe. Imvamisa yokukhishwa kwalolu hlobo lwesilinganiso sezinga loketshezi akuyona imvamisa ehleliwe kodwa imvamisa elungisekayo ye-amplitude-constant.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-03-2025